Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, impacts at least 7 million people in the United States.[1] It’s a particular type of neurodiversity that can present as restlessness, impulsiveness, and a lack of focus, although ADHD-diagnosed individuals may experience the condition differently from each other. Vyvanse and Adderall are two drugs that physicians may recommend to help minimize the impact of ADHD symptoms.

Both drugs are powerful stimulants and, as such, are controlled substances, although approved by the FDA for ADHD treatment. While these substances are used to treat ADHD symptoms, they are processed by the body in slightly different ways. Understanding the difference between Vyvanse and Adderall can help you make informed decisions when discussing treatment options with your healthcare provider.

A Brief Explanation of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition linked to brain structure and the function of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine. Lower levels of these neurotransmitters can cause difficulties with concentration and motivation and may make it hard for someone to relax or remain still and calm. ADHD is thought to be genetic and may be caused by slight differences in brain anatomy.[2]

ADHD isn’t a mental health condition, but therapy and treatment may help with associated conditions like anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders that can be concurrent with ADHD. ADHD represents one form of neurodivergence — a neurotype that’s dissimilar to what medical professionals consider “neurotypical.”

How ADHD Medications Work

While ADHD isn’t curable, the treatment of ADHD symptoms is possible. Central nervous system stimulant (CNS stimulant) medications like Adderall (or its generic versions) and Vyvanse work by stimulating the brain, increasing the level and availability of previously suppressed neurotransmitters.[3]

In some cases, stimulants may be combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), especially where ADHD is concurrent with severe depression.[4] It’s critical to note that only a healthcare professional can recommend combining ADHD medication with other substances. Make sure your physician knows if you’re taking antidepressants or any other medicines to avoid unpleasant and sometimes dangerous drug interactions.

Both Vyvanse and Adderall are Schedule II controlled substances. This means that, although the FDA has approved these drugs, the medications have high substance abuse potential. Adderall and Vyvanse can be addictive, and misuse can lead to psychological problems and ill physical health.

Vyvanse Key Facts

Vyvanse is the brand name for the drug lisdexamfetamine dimesylate. Currently, there’s no generic alternative for Vyvanse. Because of this, Vyvanse can sometimes be a more expensive option than Adderall or its generic equivalents. Vyvanse is used to treat binge eating disorder (BED) as well as ADHD. [5]

Vyvanse is a prodrug, which means that the chemicals in the drug don’t have any effect until they’ve been metabolized within the body. When consumed, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate transforms into dextroamphetamine, which is one of the primary active ingredients of Adderall. [6]

Because it must be metabolized before having an effect, Vyvanse may last for longer than the immediate release form of Adderall. [6]

Some people may find it easier to take Vyvanse because it’s available as chewable tablets. Anyone who has difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules should ask their healthcare provider about this option. [7]

Vyvanse Side Effects and Concerns

The risk of high blood pressure and increased heart rate are two of the most concerning possible side effects of taking any CNS stimulant. Research shows that drugs like Vyvanse and Adderall may cause a significant increase in systolic blood pressure. [8]

Other side effects of Vyvanse include:

• Either constipation or diarrhea, as it can impact the gastrointestinal tract in different ways
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Dry mouth
• Mood changes

Rare, more severe side effects include tics and uncontrollable vocalizations. If these occur, seek medical advice immediately. [9]

Adderall Key Facts

Adderall is a drug composed of four mixed amphetamine salts and goes under the generic name of dextroamphetamine. It’s used to treat both ADHD and a sleep disorder called narcolepsy. The active ingredients are:

• Amphetamine sulfate
• Amphetamine aspartate monohydrate
• Dextroamphetamine saccharate
• Dextroamphetamine sulfate

Many of these ingredients are marketed individually as different drugs, but only this combination is sold as Adderall or Adderall XR. [10]

Doctors may prescribe either an immediate-release form or extended-release Adderall. Adderall IR starts working immediately. The extended-release form is a long-acting dose of the drug that works in stages, releasing a small amount of Adderall into the individual’s body every so often.

Adderall Side Effects and Concerns

Adderall has similar side effects to those of other stimulant drugs used for ADHD, with some differences.

Reported side effects include:[11]

• Loss of appetite, which can lead to weight loss
• Bladder pain
• More regular urination
• Irregular heart rate
• Fever
• Shivers

In rare cases, more serious side effects, such as stimulant-induced mania or psychosis, are risks. Any concerning side effects should be reported to your doctor.

Dosage Differences Between Vyvanse and Adderall

The key differences between Vyvanse and Adderall are the dosage and how the capsules or tablets interact with your body. Vyvanse, as a prodrug, slowly metabolizes within the body to provide the medication you need. As such, a single tablet is usually prescribed to be taken in the morning — the Vyvanse equivalent to Adderall XR or extended-release. [6]

Adderall contains an active ingredient that stimulates the brain, so it is immediately effective. This means that the effects come on faster but also fade faster. Adderall IR usually lasts for around four hours. That’s why there’s also the extended-release option, to prevent users from having to take multiple tablets throughout the day. [10]

School children, for example, may struggle to take additional medication partway through their day. Also, it can be tricky for ADHD-diagnosed people to remember multiple tasks throughout the day.[12] Having to take several doses at certain times can, therefore, be challenging.

Effectiveness Comparison of Vyvanse and Adderall

Both of these prescription drugs offer similar levels of effectiveness. Once metabolized, Vyvanse produces virtually the same active chemical as Adderall. The most appealing aspect of Vyvanse is that it lasts for up to 14 hours, making it an excellent single-tablet option. [13]

However, some people may not like the fact that it can take up to two hours to start working. [13] During this time, the individual may still struggle with symptoms. That’s why some people prefer Adderall, as it starts to provide a beneficial effect within an hour of being taken. [14]

Which Is Better: Adderall or Vyvanse?

Despite the differences between how these drugs interact with your body, both offer very similar results. Take medical advice from your family doctor or another healthcare professional, and ensure you look at the pros and cons of both before making a decision.

The Risks of Adderall or Vyvanse Addiction

Because these drugs are powerful, amphetamine-based stimulants, they can lead to substance use disorder. Amphetamines are an addictive substance, and without proper supervision, it’s easy to become “hooked” on the positive feelings associated with these substances. Your brain can start to crave the stimulation, and you may find yourself wanting to take higher doses or take it more frequently. It’s important to try and resist these urges. Speak to your doctor or a compassionate addiction specialist to gain advice.

Simply stopping Vyvanse or Adderall can also cause problems. Adderall withdrawal symptoms can last anywhere from five days to several months, and they may include cravings, appetite changes, mood swings, muscle pain, and tremors. [15]

All medications can be dangerous when not taken as directed. When taken following medical advice, both Vyvanse and Adderall can be highly effective for treating ADHD symptoms. For more information on prescription drugs, ADHD, or any advice surrounding addiction and addiction treatment, contact Engage Wellness Acton, Massachusetts.

Frequently Asked Questions